Design Function Introduction of Vehicle Wiring Harness

In modern cars, there are a lot of car wiring harnesses, and the electronic control system is closely related to the wiring harnesses. Someone once made a vivid metaphor: if the functions of the microcomputer, sensors and actuators are compared with the human body. The microcomputer is equivalent to the human brain, the sensor is equivalent to the sensory organ, the actuator is equivalent to the motor organ, and the wiring harness is the nerve and blood vessel.

The automotive wiring harness is the main body of the network connection of the automotive circuit. Connecting and enabling the electrical and electronic components of a car to function, no car circuit exists without a wiring harness. At present, whether it is a high-end luxury car or an economical ordinary car, the form of wiring harness is basically the same, and it is composed of wires, connectors and wrapping tape. It not only ensures the transmission of electrical signals, but also ensures the reliability of the connecting circuit, supplies the specified current value to the electronic and electrical components, prevents electromagnetic interference to the surrounding circuits, and eliminates electrical short circuits.
There are two types of automotive wiring harnesses: the power line that carries the power to drive the actuator (actuator) and the signal line that transmits the input command of the sensor. Power lines are thick wires that carry large currents, while signal lines are thin wires that do not carry power (optical fiber communication). For example, the cross-sectional area of the wire used in the signal circuit is 0.3, 0.5mm2.
The cross-sectional area of the wire used in the motor and actuator is 0.85, 1.25mm2, while the cross-sectional area of the wire used in the power circuit is 2, 3, 5mm2. And special circuits (starter, alternator, engine ground wire, etc.) have different specifications of 8, 10, 15, 20mm2. The larger the wire cross-sectional area, the larger the current capacity. In addition to considering the electrical performance, the selection of wires is also restricted by the physical performance of the vehicle, so the selection range is very wide. For example, the frequently opened/closed doors on a taxi and the wires that span the body should be constructed of wires with good flex properties. Conductors used in places with high temperatures generally use vinyl chloride or polyethylene-coated conductors with good insulation and heat resistance. In recent years, electromagnetic shielding wires used in weak signal circuits have also been increasing.
With the increase of automobile functions and the widespread application of electronic control technology, there will be more and more electrical components and more and more wires. The number of circuits and power consumption on the car have increased significantly, and the wiring harness has become thicker and heavier. This is a big problem that needs to be solved. How to arrange a large number of wiring harnesses more effectively and rationally in a limited car space, so that the car wiring harness can play a greater role, has become a problem faced by the automobile manufacturing industry.